excavation, which increases the void space among these particles. Thus, the soil volume increases after excava-tion, and the bulking factor of soil is used to quantify this volume increase. Qualitatively, soil with a large bulking factormeansthesoilishard. Conversely,soilwithasmall bulking factor means the soil is soft. Assuming k to be a

Example - Swell Factor. After excavation of 300 m 3 clay with bulking factor 40% - the clay swells to (300 m 3) ( + 40%) / = 420 m 3 . in the dump. Sponsored Links Related Topics Miscellaneous - Engineering related topics like Beaufort Wind Scale, CE-marking, drawing standards and more;

The first was the bulking factor of the dredge spoils. The bulking factor was estimated by an engineering consultant from laboratory test data to be 1.35. The laboratory data and consultant's estimate were reviewed and accepted by the contractors submitting proposals for the work. To be conservative, the owner used a 1.5 bulking factor for ...

Sample Calculation. excavation size = 34 feet long by 22 feet wide with an average depth of 6 feet. The material excavated consists of "Hard Pan" with a swell factor of 25%. 34 * 22 * 6 = 4488 cubic feet. converting to cubic yards (there are 27 cubic feet in one cubic yard) 4488 ÷ 27 = 166.2 cubic yards. calculating the increase of volume from ...

The one thing all excavation jobs have in common, though, is that careful planning is the key to success. There are several terms which should be defined. Excavation is often used as a broad term which includes cut (or excavation) and fills (or embankment). Cut is defined as removing material to lower the elevation of an area.

Keywords: bulking factor, coal mine spoil, collapse settlement, degradation,. The cost of hydraulic excavator for 10m 3 excavation = 0. Likewise, based on the capacity of other equipment, labors etc. Bulking factor (%) 1 sand and/or. 0 – % excavation bulking factor, clay/chalk – …

Kiruna, November 2016 Simon Krekula . ii . iii Abstract ... these waves interacts with an excavation, it will be subjected to dynamic loads, and damage ... = Bulking factor ∆ = Maximum thickness of baggage around an excavation = Frequency in hertz

The bulking-factor-controlled caving model was widely used to estimate the height of the caved zone [35, 36]. The height of the caved zone (H c ) depends on the mining thickness (M) and bulking ...

Bulking OF Fine Aggregates. The Free moisture content in fine aggregate results in bulking of volume. The bulking phenomenon can be explained as follows : Free moisture forms a film around each particle. This film of moisture exerts what is known as surface tension which keeps the neighbouring particles away from it.

excavation work depends on the performance of equipment. There are various factors that can affect excavator's performance and productivity. In this paper, we have studied literature and identified some of those factors. ... Equipment is a critical factor in construction project. Rational selection of suitable equipment leads to profit for ...

Foreword. Foreword . This . Guide for the Buckling and Ultimate Strength Assessment of Offshore Structures. is referred to herein as "this Guide". This Guideprovides criteria that can be used in association with specific Rules and

Nov 2016 - Present 4 ... This paper supports the view that excavation stability in brittle rock types is dominated by tensile or extensional failure processes near the excavation and that bulking ...

PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL i July 6,.2009 Contents 1.0 Project Overview 1-1 1.1 Federal Permitting Process 1-2 2.0 Introduction 2-1

Bhawani Singh, R.K. Goel, in Engineering Rock Mass Classification, 2011. Publisher Summary. Excavation of rock or soil is an important aspect of a civil engineering project. This chapter briefly discusses the methods of excavation. The excavation techniques or the methods of excavation of rocks differ from those in soil.

The excavation of rocks or soils is usually accompanied by a change in volume. This change in volume is referred to as 'bulking' and the measure of the change is the 'bulking factor'. The bulking factor is used to estimate the likely excavated volumes that will need to be moved, stored on site, or removed from site.

For this reason, rock strength is widely used to study and calculate bulking factor in different geological settings e.g. 1, 3, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 36. When value of rock strength is known and it is need to calculate the bulking factor, it is reasonable to use this strength on the first turn; and Eq.

Bulking factor. When you excavate various materials and soil they become larger in volume due to the quantity of air and natural expansion – this is important to factor into removal costs. For example: 1 cubic metre of clay with a bulking factor of 30% becomes 1.3 cubic metres upon excavation.

than the initial volume. The bulking factor B for rock may be defined using the equation B B V / V = − 1 1-1 where V B is the volume of rubble formed from breakage of a rock block of initial volume V (e.g., Bechtel SAIC Company, LLC, 2004). Bulking factor also may be specified as a parameter B

Bulking factor used for existing granular= 15% [1] · Rock has also been found in a few locations, consequently adding more material required to be moved to the dump site. An assumption that the excavated rock was of a sedimentary type was used to identify a 57.5% [1] bulking factor used to convert the volume to equivalent LCM.

The bulking factor for rock shall be 1.35. For rock excavation quantities identified as shatter, the bulking factor shall be 0.35. Cushion Blasting means the placing of a single row of lightly-loaded closely-spaced holes along the excavation limits as specified in the Contract Documents and firing them coincident with the main

9.2 Soil excavation. 9.3 Definition of rock. 9.4 Rock excavation. 9.5 Bulking and shrinkage. Related content. 9 Rock engineering and excavation.

This relationship of excavation volume for side cast and full bench construction is shown in Figure 45. The subgrade width is 6.6 meter, the fill angle is 37°, and a bulking factor of 1.35 is assumed (expansion due to fragmentation or excavation of rock). A similar graph can be …

Try it out. The factor (bulk OR shrink) is always applied to the in-situ volume. The output is always the final volume depending on which factor you used. Remember, the bulk factor will make the in-situ volume larger, so it will be greater than 1. If you are given a bulk factor of 0.15, use 1.15 in the equation so that the soil becomes 15% larger.

To use a bulking factor number you have to multiply the bulking factor number by the excavated volume size. For instance, a bulking factor for Clay and Gravel is typically 1.15. If your excavation was 15 m3. Your volume size would be 1.15 x 15 = 17.25 m3. You must consider the bulking factor of the material you are digging to ensure you ...

Results show that the bulking factor of sandstone, mudstone, and coal fragments at loose state in order is 1.587–1.828, 1.561–1.787, and 1.435–1.753, respectively. The bulking factor of rock ...

range of output for machine excavation pit. range of output for machine excavation pit, range of output for machine excavation pit, crushing stones images in pakistan, Barite Mine Process Chat Now 2016 Completion of the Panama Canal expansion project Built from 1881 until 1914, the Panama Canal was among the largest and most difficult engineering projects .

Stabilization and solidification (S/S) is a soil remediation process by which contaminants are rendered immobile through reactions with additives or processes. During this process, also called immobilization, fixation, or encapsulation, contaminants may be chemically bound or …

The bulking factor (BF) is a parameter that represents the dilation of the rock after cave-in. Site investigations in coalmines show that the bulking factor of coal rocks is in a range of 1.1–1.5 . Several studies have proved that the porosity of cave-in materials is approximately 0.3, . This porosity corresponds to a bulking factor of 1.43.

Zero Group has successfully completed numerous high profile Bulk Excavation & Platform contracts across Gauteng and has gained extensive insight and experience on the various Gravel types encountered and most commonly required in fill operations. The objective of this information sheet is to provide clarity regarding gravel material classification. ...

Basement Excavations - Perimeter Trench Excavations. In this method a trench wide enough for the basement walls to be constructed is excavated and supported with timbering as required. It may be necessary for runners or steel sheet piling to be driven ahead of the excavation work. This method can be used where weak subsoils are encountered so ...

o Soil excavation bulking factor of 15% o Bulk density equals 1.3 tons/CY • Item 4 o 2,700 CY of soil screened by placing removal soil through 0.25 inch vibrating screener using a loader and spread at site for treatment. • Item 5 o Concrete slabs demolished and loaded into trucks with excavator. • Item 6

Bulking Factor Normalized Cave Height (H/2R) Chimney collapse Terzaghi collapse (phi=60°) Terzaghi collapse (phi=30°) Terzaghi collapse (phi=0°) Figure 2: Relations between normalized cave height and bulking factor for a range of possible friction angle (φ) values. Minimum bulking factor shown is 0.05 (i.e., 5%). RSR 2008 Jan 28

This classification is commonly referred to as Rock Excavation. Excavation requiring ripping, blasting, or other methods to remove granite, quartzite, chert, limestone, sandstone, shale and slate is considered Class 12 Excavation. Boulders that may be removed or handled along with the soil in

On this basis, the bulking factor K can be determined using . Measuring points S1–S5 were set up in 50 m behind the face, with the distance between the measuring points of 10 m. As shown in Figure 20, the bulking factor of each measuring point changes as the face advances. Specifically, the bulking factors decrease over time and eventually ...

Available online 14 November 2015 Keywords: Rock mass bulking ... excavation can deform from the original shape (shown as a dashed ... In order to back calculate a bulking factor, the depth ...