Abstract. A review of the literature over the past 30 years on the processing of nickel laterites by high temperature acid leaching has been carried out to provide a better understanding of the mineralogy, leaching process chemistry and effect of operating conditions on …

High pressure acid leaching (HPAL) With the exception of China to date the only commercially operating hydrometallurgical process is the HPAL. In recent years 4 new HPAL projects have come into operation with varying degrees of success. 2.3.1.1. Ravensthorpe. Ravensthorpe in Western …

The HPAL Process. High pressure acid leaching is becoming more and more important and the inevitable strain on natural resources continues. Its primary purpose is the assist in the recovery of nickel from lacerite ores but can also be used for other metals such as copper and cobalt. The economic recovery of nickel from laterite ores has been ...

If you are referring to laterite Ni-Co leaching, HPAL is a well established process (Moa Bay, Murrin Murrin, Coral Bay, Ambatovy, etc.). It is essentially an acid digestion, but recovery is increased and residence time shortened through the use of high temperatures (255 ° C -270 ° C) which in turn need high pressure (4,000 kPa – 5, 300 kPa). ). These conditions need the titanium lining ...

HIGH-PRESSURE ACID LEACH PILOT-PLANT FACILITY HIGH-PRESSURE ACID LEACHING (HPAL) Major reserves of nickel are contained in laterite ores, which have traditionally been treated by pyrometallurgical methods. Hydrometallurgical treatment, by direct acid leaching of the ore at temperatures above 240°C, is however an alternative

Abstract:Nickel and cobalt were recovered from Ramu laterite type nickel ore with high pressure acid leaching technology.The process introduced in detail includes slurry treatment, high pressure acid leaching (HPAL), cycling leaching and slurry neutralization, CCD countercurrent washing, iron and aluminum removal with neutralization, precipitation of nickel hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide, …

High Pressure Sulfuric Acid/Oxygen Leaching of Platinum Group Metals Bearing Ni-Cu Mattes. smelting, and converter treatment of the furnace matte. Leaching circuits are. contained in the converter matte. Nickel dissolution is primarily achieved in. acid/oxygen leaching to dissolve copper and the remaining nickel.

In this study, the effects of acid/ore ratio (0.1-0.6 g H2SO4/g dry ore), leaching temperature (200–240 °C) and leaching time (30–120 minutes) on the high pressure sulphuric acid leaching of a lateritic nickel ore sample having 1.37% Ni, 0.076% Co and 47.72% Fe2O3 were investigated. The leaching experiments showed that the increase of leaching temperature and leaching time increased ...

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High pressure sulphuric acid leaching of lateritic nickel ore 477 leaching time on high pressure sulphuric acid leaching of a local lateritic nickel ore sample having 1.37% Ni were investigated by using chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses. Other than nickel, the dissolution ratio values of …

Under high pressure leaching conditions tests were performed in a 2 dm3 autoclave, manufactured by the Autoclave Engineers, USA, which is part of a 3 reactor system from 1- 50 dm3 at IME, RWH University, Aachen. The working procedure is described in detail in Reference [9, 101. After the end of experiments, solutions

High pressure acid leaching: a newly introduced technology in Indonesia. T Gultom 1 and A Sianipar 2. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 413, The 2019 International Conference on Mining and Environmental Technology 15–17 July 2019, Lombok, Indonesia Citation T Gultom and A Sianipar 2020 IOP Conf. …

slags after red mud reduction smelting at atmosphere leaching and high-pressure leaching using HCl and H2SO4 have shown that high-pressure hydrochloric acid leaching allows for the extraction of more than 90% Al and above 95% Y, La, and Nd, as well as up to 80% Sc with the co-dissolution of Si and Ti below 5% [30]. The use of hydrochloric acid ...

most demanding services in the valve industry: high pressure acid leaching (HPAL) and pressure oxidation (POX) autoclave plants. These hydrometallurgical processes require highly reliable, corrosion and abrasion resistant isolation valves for performing plant maintenance activities and the emergency shutdown functions of safety instrumented ...

For the case of high pressure leaching, high dissolution values were achieved indicating the presence of readily leachable copper oxides, an observation that coincide with other researches [11] . 4. Conclusion. In this study, recovery of copper and nickel from mine tailing was investigated by froth flotation and high pressure acid leaching ...

2.3. High Pressure Leaching Leaching of froth concentrate obtained from flotation was studied in an autoc-lave system using sulfuric acid solution. Schematic diagram of an autoclave sys-tem used in the study is shown in Figure 3. To obtain optimal conditions for leaching conditions, experiments were performed in a 200 mL Teflon vessel

high-pressure leaching using HCl and H 2 SO 4 have shown that high-pressure hydrochlo-ric acid leaching allows to extract more than 90% Al and above 95% Y, La, and Nd, as well as up to 80% Sc with the co-dissolution of Si and Ti below 5% [29]. The use of hy-

In 2003, a high-temperature pressure leaching circuit to treat copper sulfide concentrates was commissioned at the copper/molybdenum operation at Bagdad, AZ. In late 2007, a medium-temperature pressure leaching circuit was commissioned at the Morenci mine in Arizona. The Morenci circuit was shut down in mid-2008, following a fire in the autoclave circuit. The onset of the …

These include high-pressure acid leaching combined with atmospheric-pressure agitated leaching (PAL + AL) in the case of EPAL at Ravensthorpe, and stand-alone atmospheric-pressure agitated tank leaching (AL) at Weda Bay in Indonesia, along with heap leaching (AL) at Çalda? in Turkey. Other processes using chloride leaching have been tested but ...

The AMAX sulfuric acid leaching process involves countercurrent digestion of nickeliferous laterite ore at high pressure and at atmospheric conditions. After solid/liquid separation, the nickel and cobalt values are precipitated by hydrogen-sulfide and refined into nickel and cobalt metal. Research at AMAX began in the early 1970's at AMAX ...

Leaching is a process widely used in extractive metallurgy where ore is treated with chemicals to convert the valuable metals within into soluble salts while the impurity remains insoluble. These can then be washed out and processed to give the pure metal; the materials left over are commonly known as tailings.Compared to pyrometallurgy leaching is easier to perform, requires less energy and ...

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The high pressure makes the method ideal for oxidative leaching of sulfides since the content of dissolved oxygen in the leaching solution is directly proportional to the pressure. Also in acid leaching of sulfides it can be chosen if the sulfide should be converted to elemental sulfur (S°) or sulfate (SO 4 2- ).

High-Pressure Leaching. Some leaching operations require elevated temperatures and pressures to achieve the desired extraction. Examples of this include pressure oxidation (POX) of sulfide ores and concentrates, high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) of nickel laterites, and wet-air oxidation of organics. Both batch and continuous reactors are ...

High pressure acid leaching: a newly introduced technology in Indonesia. PT Halmahera Persada Lygend (PTHPL) plans to construct new technology for nickel laterite ore processing in Obi Island, North Maluku Province. The facility is expected to produce 247,000 tonnes of NiSO4.7H2O and 32,000 tonnes of CoSO4.7H2O to be sold for the raw material ...

the depletion of high-grade sulfide ores, a renewed interest has developed concerning the production of nickel and co-balt by high-pressure sulfuric acid leaching (HPSAL) of nickel laterite [1]. In early 1970s, Habashi [2-3] made some studies about whether pressure hydrometallurgy was the key to better and nonpolluting processes.

2 October 25th, 2004 Presentation Outline Safety share Introduction Global copper reserves/resources Phelps Dodge production & reserves profile Commercial drivers for copper concentrate leaching The copper concentrate market and TC/RCs Phelps Dodge copper pressure leaching developments High temperature Medium temperature Critical success factors for commercialization

ores, but pressure leaching is a common starting point. Low pressure Activox Process MIM/Mt. Albion Process Medium pressure Dynatec Process Anglo American/UBC Process Oxiana/Mt. Gordon Process High Pressure Phelps Dodge-Placer Dome Process PLATSOL Process SGS has had experience with all the pressure leaching processes that have

Abstract: The behaviors of indium and silver in the acid leaching process of complex zinc sulfide concentrate were studied under high pressure. The effects of leaching temperature, leaching time, sulfuric acid concentration, oxygen partial pressure, particle size and ratio of solid to liquid on the indium leaching rate and the rate of silver entering leaching residue were examined, and the ...

Computer modeling of high-pressure leaching process of nickel laterite by design of experiments and neural networks. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 2012. Bernd Friedrich. Srecko Stopic. Dragoljub Drndarevic. Milovan Milivojevic. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package.

WO-2013191020-A1 chemical patent summary.

HIGH PRESSURE ACID LEACHING • Started in 1998 • Cheap extraction of Laterite Ore 0.9% - 1.7% • 98% H2SO4, 240°C, 45 bar pressure CALLIDUS WELDING SOLUTIONS PERTH, WESTERN AUSTRALIA HPAL LOCATIONS Murrin Murrin Ravensthorpe Rio Tuba Taganito New Caledonia Madagascar Turkey Murrin Murrin

High-pressure acid leaching is a typical process employed for extracting nickel and cobalt from limonitic laterite. Because of the high iron content, this process requires a high temperature and ...

At high-temperature pressure leaching conditions, the formation of sulphuric acid from sulphides in the ore is favoured, however at medium- and low-temperature conditions (150–165oC and >140oC, respectively) elemental sulphur formation occurs. At these temperatures, the elemental sulphur is molten and causes issues in further leaching.

Several literature results reported a considerable effect of high temperature and pressure on the leaching rate of refractory ores [1, 3, 14, 15]. In confirmation with the previous studies, the pressure and especially high temperature contributed to the silver extraction.